Aim: Long-term survivorship care is recommended for childhood cancer survivors (CCS) to manage life-long treatment-related ‘late effects’, including complex medical, cognitive or psychosocial issues. Ongoing paediatric-based care is often not possible, requiring CCS to transition into adult-based survivorship care. This study describes CCS’ preferences and barriers to transition to adult-based survivorship care.
Method: CCS and parents (of survivors <16 years) from 11 hospitals around Australia and New Zealand were surveyed (stage 1) and interviewed (stage 2) regarding their transition experiences.
Results: Stage 1: 295 CCS (mean age 26.3years) and 173 parents (survivor mean age 13.5years) were surveyed. Eighteen years old was the most commonly preferred age for transition nominated by survivors (38.9%) and parents (49.2%). A significant minority of survivors (10.5%) and parents (7.6%) reported preferring never to transition out of paediatric specialised follow-up care. Survivors who received radiotherapy were more likely to report a preference for never transitioning (p=.012). No other treatment or clinical variables, or number of current health concerns, were associated with preferred transition age. Perceiving a high risk (p=.019), and reporting greater worry (p=0.038) about late effects were associated with preferring to never transition. Stage 2: In 33 interviews (n=18 survivors, n=15 parents), participants described positive (55%), neutral (15%), or negative (30%) attitudes towards transition. Many survivors were not aware that a transition to adult services would occur, and key barriers included over-dependence on paediatric carers, a lack of confidence in adult-based practitioner’s familiarity of their cancer-related history, inadequate communication and information about survivorship care, and cognitive difficulty.
Conclusions: Given the choice, some survivors may be reluctant to transition out of pediatric-based follow-up. In preparing survivors for transition, survivors’ worry about late effects, communication and confidence in their new survivorship care team should be considered to ensure they remain engaged in essential lifelong follow-up care.